FORMALDEHYDE
(from: NTP CHEMICAL REPOSITORY)
NTP CHEMICAL REPOSITORY (RADIAN CORPORATION, AUGUST 29, 1991)
-IDENTIFIERS
===========
*CATALOG ID NUMBER: 000196
*CAS NUMBER: 50-00-0
*BASE CHEMICAL NAME: FORMALDEHYDE,37%SOLUTION
*PRIMARY NAME: FORMALDEHYDE, 37% SOLUTION
*CHEMICAL FORMULA: CH2O
*STRUCTURAL FORMULA: H2C=O
*WLN: VHH
*SYNONYMS:
METHYL ALDEHYDE
METHYLENE GLYCOL
METHYLENE OXIDE
METHANAL
FORMALIN
FORMALIN 40
MORBICID
FORMOL
BFV
FA
FANNOFORM
FORMALITH
FORMIC ALDEHYDE
FYDE
HOCH
IVALON
KARSAN
LYSOFORM
OXOMETHANE
OXYMETHYLENE
PARAFORM
POLYOXYMETHYLENE GLYCOLS
RCRA WASTE NUMBER U122
SUPERLYSOFORM
NCI-C02799
UN 1198
UN 2209
FORMALDEHYDE
-PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA
======================
*PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: LITERATURE: Clear colorless liquid
REPOSITORY: Clear colorless liquid
*MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 30.03
*SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 1.081-1.085 @ 25/25 C [031]
*DENSITY: Not available
*MP (DEG C): -92 C [017,025,172]
*BP (DEG C): 96 C [031,036]
*SOLUBILITIES:
WATER : >=100 mg/mL @ 20.5 C (RAD)
DMSO : >=100 mg/mL @ 20.5 C (RAD)
95% ETHANOL : >=100 mg/mL @ 20.5 C (RAD)
METHANOL : Not available
ACETONE : >=100 mg/mL @ 20.5 C (RAD)
TOLUENE : Not available
OTHER SOLVENTS:
Petroleum ether: Insoluble [025]
Ether: Soluble [017,172]
Benzene: Soluble [017]
Most organic solvents: Soluble [025]
Chloroform: Immiscible [295]
*VOLATILITY:
Vapor pressure: 93.60 mm Hg @ 38 C (RAD)
Vapor density : 1.0 [451]
*FLAMMABILITY(FLASH POINT):
This chemical has a flash point of 85 C (185 F) (058). It is combustible.
Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon
dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also be used [036,058]. The
autoignition temperature is 430 C (806 F) [043].
*UEL: 73.0% [043,051,451] LEL: 7.0% [043,051,451]
*REACTIVITY:
This chemical is a strong reducing agent, especially in the presence of
alkalies. It is incompatible with ammonia, alkalies, tannin, bisulfides, iron
preparations, copper salts, iron salts, silver salts, iodine and potassium
permanganate. It combines directly with albumin, casein, gelatin, agar and
starch to form insoluble compounds [031]. It reacts violently with nitrous
oxides at about 180 C, (HClO4 + aniline), performic acid, nitromethane,
manganese carbonate and hydrogen peroxide [043]. It reacts with strong oxidi-
zers and acids [346]. It is also incompatible with phenols [295].
*STABILITY:
This material may become cloudy upon standing, especially at cool tem-
peratures. It slowly oxidizes in air. It is sensitive to exposure to light
[169,295]. It is polymerized in aqueous solutions if unstablilized [169].
Solutions of this chemical in water, DMSO, 95% ethanol or acetone should
be stable for 24 hours under normal lab conditions (RAD).
*OTHER PHYSICAL DATA:
Refractive index: 1.3746 @ 20 C [031]
Pungent, suffocating odor [025]
pH: 2.8-4.0 [031]
Burning taste [455]
Specific gravity: 0.815 @ 20/4 C [172]
This chemical is stabilized
-TOXICITY
========
*NIOSH REGISTRY NUMBER: LP8925000
*TOXICITY:
typ. dose mode specie amount units other
LDLo orl wmn 108 mg/kg
TCLo ihl hmn 17 mg/m3/30M
TCLo ihl man 300 ug/m3
LDLo unr man 477 mg/kg
LD50 orl rat 800 mg/kg
LC50 ihl rat 590 mg/m3
LC50 ihl mam 92 mg/m3
LD50 scu rat 420 mg/kg
LD50 ivn rat 87 mg/kg
LDLo ipr mus 16 mg/kg
LD50 scu mus 300 mg/kg
LD50 orl mus 42 mg/kg
LDLo scu dog 595 mg/kg
LCLo ihl cat 400 mg/m3/2H
LD50 skn rbt 270 mg/kg
LDLo scu rbt 240 mg/kg
LD50 orl gpg 260 mg/kg
LC50 ihl mus 400 mg/m3/2H
LDLo ivn cat 30 mg/kg
LDLo ivn rbt 48 mg/kg
*AQTX/TLM96: 100-10 ppm [042]
*SAX TOXICITY EVALUATION: (Please see "uses" below)
THR: Human poison by ingestion. Experimental poison by ingestion, skin
contact, inhalation, intravenous, intraperitoneal and subcutaneous
routes. A suspected human carcinogen. An experimental carcinogen,
tumorigen and teratogen. Human systemic effects by inhalation.
Experimental reproductive effects. Human mutagenic data. A human skin
and eye irritant. A severe experimental eye and skin irritant. An air
concentration of 20 ppm is quickly irritating to eyes. A common air
contaminant. The gas is a more dangerous fire hazard than the vapor.
*CARCINOGENICITY:
Tumorigenic Data:
TDLo: scu-rat 1170 mg/kg/65W-I
TD : scu-rat 350 mg/kg/78W-I
TC : ihl-rat 15 ppm/6H/78W-I
TCLo: ihl-mus 14300 ppb/6H/2Y-I
TC : ihl-rat 6 ppm/6H/2Y-I
TCLo: ihl-rat 14300 ppb/6H/2Y-I
TC : ihl-rat 15 ppm/6H/86W-I
TC : ihl-rat 14 ppm/6H/84W-I
TC : ihl-rat 18750 ug/m3/2Y-I
TC : ihl-mus 15 ppm/6H/104W-I
TC : ihl-rat 15 ppm/6H/2Y-I
TC : ihl-rat 5600 ppb/6H/2Y-I
TC : ihl-rat 14300 ppb/6H/2Y-I
Review: IARC Cancer Review: Animal Sufficient Evidence
IARC Cancer Review: Human Limited Evidence
IARC probable human carcinogen (Group 2A) [015,610]
EPA Carcinogen Assessment Group [610]
ACGIH suspected human carcinogen [015,415,421]
OSHA cancer suspect agent [610]
Status: NTP Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens, 1984
*MUTATION DATA:
test lowest dose | test lowest dose
----------- ----------------- | ----------- -----------------
mmo-sat 100 umol/L | mmo-omi 250 ppm
mmo-esc 100 ppm/3H | mmo-omi 1 pph/15M
mmo-srm 5 gm/L | sln-dmg-unr 10 pph/3H-C
dnr-esc 1950 ug/L | oms-rat:oth 100 umol/L
dnd-esc 5 ppm | sln-dmg-orl 250 ppm
mmo-omi 1 pph/5M-C | sln-dmg-par 2000 ppm
mmo-omi 10 ppm | dlt-dmg-orl 1300 ppm
mmo-omi 200 ppm | mmo-nsc 10 mmol/plate
mmo-omi 1000 ppm | mrc-smc 24 mmol/L
sln-asn 20 mg/L | slt-nml-unr 700 ppm
oms-nml:oth 40 mmol/L | oms-nml:oth 25 mmol/L
cyt-nml:oth 40 mmol/L | cyt-grh:oth 750 umol/L
dnd-hmn:fbr 100 umol/L | dnd-hmn:lng 100 umol/L
dnd-hmn:oth 100 umol/L | dns-hmn:hla 10 nmol/L
oms-hmn:lym 10 mg/L | dnd-rat-ihl 35 ug/m3/8W-I
cyt-hmn:lym 10 mg/L | cyt-hmn:fbr 2 mmol/L
sce-hmn:lym 125 umol/L | msc-hmn:lym 130 umol/L
dnd-rat-orl 10 umol/kg | mmo-omi 200 umol/L
cyt-rat-ihl 15 ppm/5D-I | otr-mus:emb 1 mg/L
dnd-mus:leu 125 umol/L | cyt-mus-orl 100 mg/kg
cyt-mus-ipr 15 mg/kg | otr-ham:kdy 4 mg/L
pic-ham:emb 3 uL/L | cyt-ham:lng 18 mg/L
cyt-ham:ovr 200 ug/L | sce-ham:ovr 110 ug/L
dnd-ckn:leu 500 ppm | dnd-mam:lym 500 ppm
dnd-mam:lym 660 mmol/L | mma-sat 100 umol/L
dnd-rat:oth 500 umol/L | dni-esc 5 mmol/L
dni-hmn:oth 210 umol/L | dni-rat:oth 100 umol/L
oms-hmn:oth 210 umol/L | dns-rat:oth 50 umol/L
msc-mus:lym 74 mg/L | mma-mus:lym 25 mg/L
sln-dmg:ihl 7 pph/24H | sce-ham:lng 67 umol/L
spm-rat-orl 200 mg/kg | otr-nml:oth 25 mmol/L
otr-nml:oth 25 mmol/L | spm-dom-itt 23 mg/kg
*TERATOGENICITY:
Reproductive Effects Data:
TCLo: ihl-rat 12 ug/m3/24H (15D pre/1-22D preg)
TCLo: ihl-rat 12 ug/m3/24H (1-22D preg)
TCLo: ihl-rat 35 ug/m3/8H (60D male)
TCLo: ihl-rat 1 mg/m3/24H (1-22D preg)
TDLo: ims-mus 259 mg/kg (11D preg)
TDLo: orl-rat 200 mg/kg (1D male)
TCLo: ihl-rat 12 ug/m3/24H (20D pre/1-22D preg)
TCLo: ihl-rat 50 ug/m3/4H (1-19D preg)
TDLo: scu-rat 46243 mg/kg (20D male)
TDLo: itt-rat 400 mg/kg (1D male)
TDLo: ipr-mus 240 mg/kg (7-14D preg)
TDLo: ipr-mus 160 mg/kg (7-14D preg)
TDLo: itt-dog 7 mg/kg (1D male)
TDLo: itt-mky 4 mg/kg (1D male)
TDLo: itt-dom 6667 ug/kg (1D male)
TDLo: ipr-mus 500 mg/kg (5D male)
*STANDARDS, REGULATIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS:
OSHA: Federal Register (1/19/89) and 29 CFR 1910.1000 Subpart Z
Transitional Limit: PEL-TWA 3 ppm; Ceiling Limit 5 ppm; Peak 10 ppm/30M
[610]
Final Limit: PEL-TWA 1 ppm; STEL 2 ppm [610]
Action level TWA 0.5 ppm [610]
OSHA irritant and potential cancer hazard [610]
ACGIH: TLV-TWA 1 ppm, STEL 2 ppm, with a notice of intent to change to a
Ceiling Limit of 0.3 pppm [610]
NIOSH Criteria Document: Recommended Exposure Limit to this compound-air:
Ceiling Limit 0.1 ppm/15M [610]
NFPA Hazard Rating: Health (H): 2
Flammability (F): 4
Reactivity (R): 0
H2: Materials hazardous to health, but areas may be entered freely with
full-faced mask self-contained breathing apparatus which provides
eye protection (see NFPA for details).
F4: Very flammable gases or very volatile flammable liquids (see NFPA
for details).
R0: Materials which are normally stable even under fire exposure conditions
and which are not reactive with water (see NFPA for details).
*OTHER TOXICITY DATA:
Skin and Eye Irritation Data:
skn-hmn 150 ug/3D-I MLD
eye-hmn 4 ppm/5M
eye-hmn 1 ppm/6M nse MLD
skn-rbt 540 mg open MLD
skn-rbt 50 mg/24H MOD
eye-rbt 750 ug SEV
skn-rbt 2 mg/24H SEV
eye-rbt 750 ug/24H SEV
eye-rbt 10 mg SEV
Review: Toxicology Review-3
Standards and Regulations: DOT-Hazard: ORM-A; Label: None
DOT-Hazard: Combustible liquid; Label: None
DOT-IMO: Flammable or Combustible liquid;
Label: Flammable liquid
Status: NIOSH Analytical Methods: see Formaldehyde (oxazolidine), 2502;
(chromotropic acid), 3500
NIOSH Analytical Methods: see Formaldehyde (Girard T), 3501
NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 34, April 1981
EPA TSCA Test Submission (TSCATS) Data Base, June 1988
EPA TSCA Chemical Inventory, 1986
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Positive: D melanogaster-reciprocal
translocation
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Positive: N crassa-reversion; E coli polA
without S9
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Positive: D melanogaster Sex-linked lethal
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Positive: S cerevisiae gene conversion;
S cerevisiae-reversion
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Inconclusive: In vitro UDS-human fibroblast
EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Status Report 8EHQ-1079-0314
Meets criteria for proposed OSHA Medical Records Rule
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Inconclusive: CHO gene mutation
Fatal dose is 60-90 mL [301]
-OTHER DATA (Regulatory)
=======================
*PROPER SHIPPING NAME (IATA): Formaldehyde solutions
*UN/ID NUMBER: UN2209
*HAZARD CLASS: 9 SUBSIDIARY RISK: None PACKING GROUP: III
*LABELS REQUIRED: Miscellaneous
*PACKAGING: PASSENGER: PKG. INSTR.: 907, Y907 MAXIMUM QUANTITY: 100 L, 30 kg G
CARGO : PKG. INSTR.: 907 MAXIMUM QUANTITY: 220 L
*SPECIAL PROVISIONS: None
*USES:
This compound is used as a preservative, disinfectant and antiseptic, in
embalming solutions and in the manufacture of phenolic resins, artificial silk,
cellulose esters, dyes, urea, thiourea, melamine resins, organic chemicals,
glass mirrors and explosives. It is also used in improving fastness of dyes
on fabrics, in tanning and preserving hides, in mordanting and waterproofing
fabrics, as a germicide and fungicide for vegetables and other plants, in des-
troying flies and other insects, in preserving and coagulating rubber latex
and to prevent mildew and spelt in wheat and rot in oats. It is used to render
casein, albumin, and gelatin insoluble, in chemical analysis, as a tissue fixa-
tive, as a component of particle board and plywood and in the manufacture of
Pentaerythritol, Hexamethylenetetramine and 1,4-Butanediol. It is also used
in ceiling and wall insulation, in resins used to wrinkle-proof fabrics, in
photography for hardening gelatin plates and papers, for toning gelatin-chlor-
ide papers and for chrome printing and developing. It is an intermediate in
drug manufacture and a pesticide intermediate.
Note: Interesting. Someone added "food additive permitted in foods
for human consumption" to the description of uses for methanol, but
somehow they forgot to include the natural breakdown ingredient of the
methanol in aspartame into formaldehyde... and it is NOT used in items
that humans eat or drink! Who gets the blame this goof, DHHS?
*COMMENTS:
This is a 37% by weight solution of formaldehyde in water with 10-15%
methanol added as a stabilizer.
-HANDLING PROCEDURES
===================
*ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS:
This liquid and its vapors are irritants to the skin, eyes and mucous
membranes [036,151,301,406]. It is also an irritant to all parts of the
respiratory system [036,301,406]. It can be absorbed through the skin [169].
It can cause lachrymation [455]. Thermal decomposition products may include
carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide [058].
*MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING:
If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during
handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to
your gloves.
*RECOMMENDED GLOVE MATERIALS:
Permeation Test Results For The Neat (Undiluted) Chemical:
The permeation test results for the neat (undiluted) chemical are given
below. The breakthrough times of this chemical are given for each glove type
tested. The table is a presentation of actual test results, not specific
recommendations or suggestions. Avoid glove types which exhibit breakthrough
times of less than the anticipated task time plus an adequate safety factor.
If this chemical makes direct contact with your glove, or if a tear, puncture
or hole develops, replace them at once.
Glove Type Model Number Thickness Breakthrough Time
Latex Ackwell 5-109 0.15 mm 4 min
Butyl rubber North B-174 0.41 mm 960 min
Nitrile North LA-1426 0.36 mm 1260 min
*RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR:
Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-
approved half face respirator equipped with a combination filter cartridge,
i.e. organic vapor/acid gas/HEPA (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid
gas, SO2 and a high efficiency particulate filter).
Splash proof safety goggles should be worn while handling this
chemical. Alternatively, a full face respirator, equipped as above,
may be used to provide simultaneous eye and respiratory protection.
*OTHER:
Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact
a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and
potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the
physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and
toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route
of exposure.
*STORAGE PRECAUTIONS:
Store this material at ambient temperatures, but not below about 15 C
(60 F). Keep under an inert atmosphere in a tightly closed container. Protect
from exposure to light.
*SPILLS AND LEAKAGE:
If you should spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up
all liquid spill material. Seal the absorbent paper, as well as any
of your clothing which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic
bag for eventual disposal. Wash any surfaces you may have contaminated
with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated
area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified
that the area has been properly cleaned.
*DISPOSAL AND WASTE TREATMENT: Not available
-EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
====================
*SKIN CONTACT:
IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating
all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly
with soap and water.
IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms
(such as redness or irritation) develop.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after
washing the affected areas.
*INHALATION:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a
hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath,
or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop.
Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown
atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or
equal to that advised under Respirator Recommendation.
*EYE CONTACT:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush
victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while
simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.
Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without
specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if
no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
*INGESTION:
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of
water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control
center.
Generally, the induction of vomiting is NOT recommended outside of a
physician's care due to the risk of aspirating the chemical into the victim's
lungs. However, if the victim is conscious and not convulsing and if medical
help is not readily available, consider the risk of inducing vomiting because
of the high toxicity of the chemical ingested. Ipecac syrup or salt water may
be used in such an emergency. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth,
ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with
the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport
the victim to a hospital.
*SYMPTOMS:
Inhalation of this compound may cause irritation of the eyes, mucous
membranes and upper respiratory tract [036,151,301,406]. It may also cause
irritation of the nose [151]. Higher concentrations may cause bronchitis,
pneumonia or laryngitis [036,151]. Exposure may also cause headache, dizzi-
ness, difficult breathing and pulmonary edema [215]. Coughing or dysphagia
may also result. Contact with the vapor or solution causes skin to become
white, rough, hard and anesthetic due to superficial coagulation necrosis.
With long exposure, dermatitis and hypersensitivity frequently result [151].
Prolonged exposure may also cause cracking of skin and ulceration, especially
around the fingernails and may also cause conjunctivitis [036]. Ingestion of
this compound causes immediate intense pain in the mouth and pharynx [151].
It may also cause abdominal pains with nausea, vomiting and possible loss of
consciousness [036,151,301]. Other symptoms following ingestion include pro-
teinuria, acidosis, hematemesis, hematuria, anuria, vertigo, coma and even
death due to respiratory failure [031]. Occasional diarrhea (possibly bloody),
pale, clammy skin and other signs of shock, difficult micturition, convulsions
and stupor may also occur. Ingestion also leads to inflammation, ulceration
and/or coagulation necrosis of the gastrointestinal mucosa [151]. Corrosive
damage in the stomach and esophageal strictures sometimes occur and tissue
destruction may extend as far as the jejunum. Circulatory collapse and kidney
damage may also occur soon after ingestion. Severe lung changes may result
from aspiration of the ingested compound in combination with stomach acid
[151]. Degenerative changes may be found in the liver, kidneys, heart and
brain. Primary points of attack for this compound include the respiratory
system, lungs, eyes and skin [301]. Lachrymation may ocur [455].
-SOURCES
=======
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